The major theme of Yukio Mishima’s Swaddling Clothes is the loss of traditional Japanese values to Western modernization. Other themes include class, morality, gender roles, compassion, fear, and sacrifice/atonement. The callous swaddling of an illegitimate baby in newspaper and protagonist Toshiko’s conviction that it is destined to grow up a poverty-stricken criminal underlines Japan’s rigid class structure. Her husband’s heartless description of the delivery demeans women who contravene social norms. When Toshiko does this (by taking a walk alone at night to contemplate her own child’s future and unsatisfying Western lifestyle), she comes face to face with her prophesy.