Five-Twenty

Five-Twenty: Short story by Patrick WhiteIn this story by Patrick White, a woman with very low self-esteem spends her life at the beck and call of a rancorous, dominating husband. As they age and he gradually wastes away, they spend their days “traffic watching” from the veranda of their small house on a busy road. She becomes obsessed with a strange-looking man who drives by at five-twenty every day and, following a chance meeting after her husband dies, experiences what may be her first passionate stirrings. Sadly, death comes between them. Themes include patriarchy, gender roles, aging, loneliness, lack of passion and fulfilment, freedom, loss.

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In the Zoo

In the Zoo: Novelette by Jean StaffordIn this story by Jean Stafford, a sorry-looking blind polar bear in a Denver zoo reminds adult sisters of a gentle alcoholic ne’er-do-well who befriended them during their traumatic childhood. As eight and ten year-old orphans, the two were fostered out to “Gran”, a possessive, unloving, scornful woman who runs a boarding house. Academically backward and teased at school, they find comfort in their friendship with a kindly Irishman and a puppy he gives them. That is until Gran converts the loveable pup into a ferocious attack dog. Themes include arranged psychological trauma, isolation, confinement and control, companionship and love.

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Diary of a Madman

Diary (Memoirs) of a Madman: Short story by Nikolai GogolThis humorous story from Nikolai Gogol charts the descent of a government clerk into insanity. He dismisses his supervisor’s concerns about strange behavior as jealousy, becomes infatuated with his Department Head’s daughter, stalks the poor girl after overhearing a conversation between two dogs, reads their (the dogs’) letters, and finally suffers delusions of grandeur, believing himself to be the King of Spain. In the process, the story satirizes Russia’s bureaucratic wastefulness and obsession with titles and social status. The major theme is, of course, madness. Other themes: purposeless work, alienation, envy, wounded pride, class and (in the asylum) cruelty, suffering.

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The Murders in the Rue Morgue

The Murders in the Rue Morgue: Short story by Edgar Allan PoeWritten in 1841, this rather unlikely story by Edgar Allan Poe is considered one of the world’s first modern detective stories. In a seemingly insoluble locked-room mystery, the wrong man is arrested for the violent murder of two women. In an effort to find the truth, Poe’s amateur detective Dupin demonstrates the importance of “mental analysis” in problem solving and, in the process, shows how an “Ourang-Outang” was able to make a monkey out of the police. Themes include ingenuity (inventiveness) vs. mental analysis (critical thinking), violence, the pursuit of truth, justice.

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The News from Ireland

The News from Ireland: Short story by William TrevorThis story from William Trevor is set during the Irish Potato Famine of the 1840s. It contrasts the comfortable lives of those living behind the walls of a large English-owned estate with the misery of the rural poor. The issues are considered from multiple points of view, including those of servants and staff. Two major themes are acceptance and complacency. Although the plight of the rural poor initially disturbs newcomers, they soon become desensitized to the suffering, considering it a normal aspect of Irish life. Other themes: the gap between rich and poor, heritage, gender roles, religious faith and conflict.

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Bartleby the Scrivener: A Tale of Wall Street

Bartleby the Scrivener, A Tale of Wall Street: Novelette by Herman MelvilleHerman Melville’s Bartleby the Scrivener is regarded as a classic of Modern Literature. A major theme is the depression that comes with being alone in the world and lacking a purpose in life. Other themes include exploitation, insensitivity and guilt (the Lawyer), conformity and coping with boring, repetitive work (Turkey and Nipper), alienation, apathy and passive resistance to one’s responsibilities (Bartleby), and loss of hope and the inevitability of death (symbolized by the Dead Letter Office). The Lawyer’s final words, Ah, Bartleby! Ah, humanity!, reflect the irony of Bartleby finding himself in the two worst possible jobs for his disposition.

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Boule de Suif / Ball of Fat

Boule de Suif / Ball of Fat: Short story by Guy de MaupassantRegarded as one of Guy de Maupassant’s greatest works, this story explores the interactions between a prostitute with the unfortunate nickname Boule de Suif (Ball of Fat) and nine other coach passengers fleeing the Franco-Prussian War. Her fellow travelers comprise a cross-section of “respectable” French society: politics, business, the nobility and religion. Maupassant’s sad message about nineteenth-century France is that no matter what shows of kindness or sacrifices people of the lower classes make, they are unlikely to be treated with respect and dignity by those of higher social standing. Themes: social class, patriotism, manipulation, exploitation, sacrifice/moral compromise, ingratitude, hypocrisy.

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A Spinster’s Tale

A Spinster's Tale: Short story by Peter TaylorIn this story by Peter Taylor, an aged woman looks back at a traumatic period in her youth that may have shaped her life and led to spinsterhood. Her mother’s religious condemnation of alcohol sets the scene for the story. The subsequent loss of her mother following a still-birth, growing up in a (drinking) male-dominated household, and her phobia about the town drunk at a critical period in her life (as she enters puberty) leave her isolated and in fear of the masculine world. Themes include family dynamics, personal growth, isolation and loneliness, fear, cruelty, sexual conflict.

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