Waywaya

Waywaya: Novelette by Francisco Sionil JoséSet in pre-colonial Philippines, this novelette by Francisco Sionil José, begins with a young warrior who yearns for the freedom to determine his own destiny impulsively kidnapping and enslaving a girl from a rival tribe. The girl, whose name “Waywaya” translates as “freedom”, is ironically robbed of hers. The tragic love that develops between the two highlights themes of identity and personal freedom, prejudice, jealousy and sacrifice. Other themes include social injustice, the opportunity cost of cultural hostilities, and corruption (in this case how rulers can entrench their position and enrich themselves by encouraging fear of an enemy).

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Tong

Tong: Short story by Francisco Sionil JoséThis story by Francisco Sionil José follows a courtship between a Filipino accountant and young Chinese woman. The relationship faces opposition from their families as inter-cultural marriages, especially Filipino-Chinese, are frowned upon by both communities. Moreover, one obstacle not easily overcome is a “tong” (debt that must be repaid). The girl is promised to a fat, bald Chinese man old enough to be her father in exchange for favors done for her family. After a passionate final night together, they are separated forever. Themes include forbidden love, cultural division and conflict, socioeconomic inequality, exploitation/human trafficking, family honor and loyalty.

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