The only “characters” in this vignette from Liam O’Flaherty are a cliff, waves, and “the wave”. Major themes include permanence, time, the power of nature/many. O’Flaherty was a noted Republican, and the story can be looked upon as a powerful allegory of Ireland’s struggle for independence. The cliff (Britain) stands firm and resolute, having successfully weathered many storms over its long history. Individually, the smaller waves (the Irish people) make little impression against its rocky walls. Working together, and combining to form “the wave”, they have enough power to begin breaking down the mighty cliff. More…
The Voice of God / Holy Panchayat
The major theme of this story by Premchand is justice. Two men who have been close friends since childhood fall out when one rules against the other in a dispute over the treatment of an aged aunt at the village Panchayat (council of elders). The roles are later reversed when the aggrieved friend, who still holds a grudge against the other, has to judge a complaint against him about a bullock he sold. Their rift is resolved when he sees that in dispensing justice, one must put personal feelings and friendships aside. Other themes include tradition, friendship, responsibility, impartiality. More…
Cinderella
Cinderella, perhaps the world’s best-known children’s story, has its origins in folklore. The version immortalized by Disney was first published in Charles Perrault’s 1697 book Stories or Tales from Times Past, with Morals, also known as Tales of Mother Goose. (Yes, Mother Goose was a man!) There are said to be over 1,000 variants of the story across the world. Perrault took the original framework, which has been around since the days of the pharaohs, and added the three elements for which his version is famous today: a fairy godmother, a pumpkin-carriage, and glass slippers. More…
The Mispaired Anklet
This story by R. K. Narayan, is based on the Tamil legend of Kannagi, a devoted wife who stands by her husband despite his love affair with a dancer. When he finally repents after squandering their fortune on entertainment and gifts for the other woman, they move to another city. They live happily there until Kannagi’s husband is framed for theft and summarily executed while trying to sell one of her gold anklets. Kannagi’s wrath is so great that she calls on the gods and has the city destroyed. Later, she learns that her fate was the result of karma. More…
Dead Men’s Path
The major theme of this story by Chinua Achebe is cultural clash, as reflected in the reformist zeal of a new headmaster who objects to local villagers walking through school grounds to access a path that is important to their animist beliefs. Set in a rural Nigerian mission school, the story takes place in 1949 when the country was still under British rule. It is ironic that, being Nigerian, the young headmaster failed to grasp the seriousness of the villagers’ concerns, whereas his “white Supervisor” seems to immediately understand the situation. Other themes include colonialism, tradition, superstition, pride, arrogance, retribution. More…