In this story by Premchand a Hindu woman is overcome with pity and fear of adharma (divine punishment for selfishness and injustice) when she sees her husband’s disabled aunt foraging for food among banquet leftovers. The aunt, who has no other living relative, had previously transferred her entire property to the woman’s family in exchange for a promise of care. Rather than being cared for she has been treated inhumanely, often being left hungry and alone in her room for long periods. Themes include greed, betrayal, the plight of the infirm, responsibility, neglect, redemption, kindness.

This parable by Premchand about an incorruptible Indian tax inspector ends with a moral dilemma. The idealistic young man refuses a huge bribe and arrests a wealthy zamindar (land baron) for smuggling salt. Because of his “connections”, the zamindar walks free and the inspector is suspended for being over-zealous. Shortly afterwards, the clever zamindar offers the young man a highly-paid job overseeing his properties. He seems happy to cheat the government, but needs someone honest to stop people cheating him. The young man’s dilemma: should he work for such a person? Themes include individual and systemic corruption, integrity, moral compromise.

The major theme of this story by Premchand is justice. Two men who have been close friends since childhood fall out when one rules against the other in a dispute over the treatment of an aged aunt at the village Panchayat (council of elders). The roles are later reversed when the aggrieved friend, who still holds a grudge against the other, has to judge a complaint against him about a bullock he sold. Their rift is resolved when he sees that in dispensing justice, one must put personal feelings and friendships aside. Other themes include tradition, friendship, responsibility, impartiality.

This story by Premchand highlights the plight of tenant farmers in pre-Independence India. In the Hindu calendar, the month of Poos (mid-December to mid-January) marks the beginning of winter. A farmer, forced to pay his debts with money he had saved to buy a blanket, watches over his crops one night in freezing temperatures. With his loyal dog beside him, he manages to survive the night. Unfortunately, his crops do not. His wife is devastated, but he is happy. Themes include the powerlessness and exploitation of tenant farmers, poverty, struggle, the harshness of nature, resilience.