This story by Saadat Hasan Manto takes place during the rioting that followed India’s Partition. Set in an “Indian” border town from which most Muslims have fled, an elderly judge underestimates the carnage to come and insists on staying. After a stroke, he becomes bed-ridden and is unable to flee. Every night, his seventeen-year-old daughter watches Muslim houses burning in the city around them. When a Sikh man repays a kindness the judge had once done for his father, we learn the reason their house has (so far) been spared. Themes include religious conflict, denial, fear, innocence, duty, betrayal.

A message of this story by Saadat Hasan Manto is to make sure you fully understand something you overhear before acting on it. An illiterate tongawala [coachman] learns about the world by eavesdropping on customers. Over several days, he overhears talk of a new “India Act”, which he misinterprets to be a new constitution that will free India from British rule. Having developed a hatred of the British for subjugating and exploiting his country, he is excited by the “news”. Unfortunately, acting on it lands him in jail. Themes include colonialism vs. freedom and self-determination, excitement, hope, disillusionment.

In this story by Saadat Hasan Manto, a refined Indian man sees a factory worker sheltering under a tree outside his apartment during a rainstorm. He invites her up to dry off and, consensual or otherwise, they have sex. As she spends the night he notices that every part of her body emits an at once foul and sweet-smelling odour. This enchants him so much that sex with other women, including the henna-smelling upper-class wife he marries years later, is less satisfying. Themes include social class/ethnicity, exploitation (rape?), promiscuity, sensuality, smell as an agent for memory and desire.