Major themes of this story by Rabindranath Tagore are duty, love and sacrifice. A young magistrate places the faithful servant who raised him in charge of his own son. After the boy disappears in a flood, the servant is discharged. Miraculously, he has a son of his own who he comes to believe is the lost boy reincarnate. He spends everything he has raising his son to the same standard as the dead boy and, when he becomes too old to work, “returns” the boy to the magistrate. Other themes include loss, guilt and redemption, ingratitude. More…
Category Archives: Short Stories
The Grave
In this coming of age story by Katherine Anne Porter, a motherless nine-year-old girl defies social convention by wearing similar day clothes to her brother, and wandering the woods freely with him. Two events bring about an epiphany in her life. Trading of an object she finds in an open grave for a gold ring brings about the first stirrings of womanhood. Seeing unborn kittens in the womb of a dead rabbit adds to the picture of what it is to be female. Themes include the cycle of life (youthful innocence, adulthood, birth and death), matriarchy, gender roles, poverty. More…
Cathedral
In Raymond Carver’s Cathedral, a troubled, disillusioned man with a cynical view of the world is suddenly confronted by his metaphorical blindness. Ironically, the person who brings about this epiphany is a blind friend of his wife. The story begins with the husband full of sarcasm (Maybe I could take him bowling…) as the couple discuss the blind man’s visit. He has pre-conceived ideas about the blind and is surprised when their visitor doesn’t fit the stereotype. Themes include friendship and marriage, insecurity, alienation and loneliness, creativity and imagination, perception (looking vs. seeing). More…
Storyteller
This story by Leslie Marmon Silko retraces the life of a Yupic Eskimo woman up to the point she is jailed for murder. The story deals with the effects of “Gussick” (American) miners and traders on traditional village life, the way the village community supports her family of eccentric outcasts, how her sexual molestation by her grandmother’s partner drives her into the arms of American miners, and her quest for retribution against a Gussick storekeeper who sold poisoned liquor to her parents. Themes include cultural loss, exploitation, alienation, community, revenge, and storytelling. More…
Papa, What Does that Spell?
In this story by Vasily Aksyonov (Aksenov), a Russian factory worker reviews his life and relationships as he spends a day with his six-year-old daughter while his wife is at a “meeting”. He is growing apart from a once close-knit group of childhood friends, and faces a growing gap with his wife who is completing a doctoral degree and may be having an affair. In an epiphany, he realizes that being there for his daughter as she grows up is the most important thing in the world. Themes include childhood innocence, fatherhood, social relationships, marriage disconnect, deceit. More…
The Treasure of Abbot Thomas
In this story by M. R. James, a British antiquary comes across an old book written in Latin that tells of a German monastery in which a fortune in gold is believed to have been hidden. He believes the key to the treasure lies on a stained-glass window removed from the Abby and returned to England when the monastery was closed. He finds the window, decodes the message hidden on it and, despite the warning contained in the message, finds the gold. His only problem… dealing with the treasure’s monstrous guardian. Themes include treasure hunting, cryptography, fear, the supernatural. More…
Burning in the Rain
To fully appreciate this story and the book it came from, The House of Hunger, one needs to understand the troubled life of its Zimbabwean author, Dambudzo Marechera. A central motif is the “ape in the mirror,” which increasingly dominates the protagonist’s psyche. This could represent Marechera’s personal demons (mental illness, alcohol, drugs and violence) and/or be a thinly disguised metaphor for the devastating “guerrilla war” that brought Robert Mugabe’s ANU government to power. The latter is symbolized in the penultimate paragraph by the rain (that) sounded like the microscopic commotion of six million little people fleeing a national catastrophe. More…
Teenage Wasteland
This story by Anne Tyler deals with different perspectives on growing up and parenting. Published in 1983, the story pre-dates the influence of modern devices such as PCs, the Internet, mobile phones, and even CD players. After-school entertainment involved TV, listening to music (on radio, vinyl records or cassettes) and neighborhood sport. However, many aspects of teenage life have remained unchanged. These include school and peer pressure, and dealing with parental authority and expectations. Without the right kind of support, young people having trouble dealing with these challenges must feel like life is a wasteland. More…
The Voice of God / Holy Panchayat
The major theme of this story by Premchand is justice. Two men who have been close friends since childhood fall out when one rules against the other in a dispute over the treatment of an aged aunt at the village Panchayat (council of elders). The roles are later reversed when the aggrieved friend, who still holds a grudge against the other, has to judge a complaint against him about a bullock he sold. Their rift is resolved when he sees that in dispensing justice, one must put personal feelings and friendships aside. Other themes include tradition, friendship, responsibility, impartiality. More…
Mrs. Frola and Mr. Ponza, Her Son-in-Law
In this story by Luigi Pirandello, a respected civil servant rents an apartment for himself and his wife, and another for his mother-in-law. Gossip rages when he doesn’t allow his wife to leave their apartment, or her mother to visit. He explains to a “ladies’ group” that his first wife (the mother-in-law’s daughter) is dead, and he is supporting her mother, who is crazy. The “mother-in-law” later argues that her son-in-law is the crazy one. Readers are left to decide which of the equally plausible stories is true. Themes include gossip vs. the right to privacy, judging by appearances, relativism. More…
A Vendetta
The French writer Guy de Maupassant is said to be one of the fathers of the modern short story. This story is about an old widow who lives in a small village in Southern Italy with her only son and his dog. One evening, the son is murdered. The mother is so saddened by this that she swears a vendetta against the killer. Every day, she sits by the window and wonders how she, a weak old woman with no one to help her, can carry out her promise. Finally, she comes up with an idea and has her revenge. More…
A Wife’s Story
This story by Bharati Mukherjee explores the cultural transformation that occurs when the wife of an Indian textile executive moves to New York on a two-year scholarship to complete a doctoral degree. The freedom she experiences when no longer bound by the traditions and strict social conventions of her homeland allows her to find her identity. The change is emphasized as she accompanies her husband around the city during a short visit partway through the course, and raises the question of how she will fare upon return to India. Themes include identity, communication, culture clash, gender roles, liberation. More…
Tickets, Please
This story by D. H. Lawrence is a humorous take on gender dynamics during World War 1 after a disproportionate number of women entered the workforce to replace men sent to war. It deals with a group of hardened women (they fear nobody, and everybody fears them) working as tram conductors in England’s industrial Midlands. When a womanizing ticket inspector takes advantage of one too many of the conductors, they join forces and exact sweet revenge. An important (feminist) theme of the story is exploited women finding their collective “voice”. Other themes include power, desire, passion, rejection, vengeance and rage. More…
Autobiography of Irene
The protagonist of this story by Silvina Ocampo believes she has psychic powers. Whatever she imagines, good or bad, takes place in real life. Afterwards, she completely forgets the person involved. Among these lost memories are those of her father and lover, both of whose death she foresaw. Now twenty-five, she foresees and is looking forward to her own death, believing that upon this her memories will be restored. Her biggest fear is NOT dying, which she addresses by allowing a stranger (or perhaps an alter ego) to write her autobiography. Themes include clairvoyance, destiny, alienation, solitude, memories, death. More…
A Game of Cards
This early story by Witi Ihimaera examines the universal themes of love, family, community and mortality from a Maori perspective. A university student visiting his dying grandmother symbolizes the deep family connections among his people. The old woman’s only recreation over the years has been lively card nights with friends and neighbors. These symbolize the strong connection and, despite some good-natured cheating, unity among community members. The spontaneous gathering in her final hours demonstrates her community’s approach to death. Rather than shying away until after the event, they come together to pay respects and ease her passing. More…
Lather and Nothing Else
In this story by Hernando Téllez, a barber who secretly supports a revolutionary cause has a dilemma when an army captain who is particularly brutal in putting down the revolt asks for a shave. As the officer sits in the chair, the barber is torn between his professional duty (to give his customer the best possible shave), his revolutionary duty (to kill the captain, which will make him a hero but potentially force him to hide for the rest of his life), and moral qualms about murder. Themes include power and control, choices and consequences, violence, professionalism, duty, morality, trust. More…
The Last Leaf
This story by O. Henry is one that most who read it never forget. Two young women trying to make a living as artists share an apartment in New York City. One of them becomes very sick, and believes that she will die when the last leaf falls from an ivy plant on the wall opposite her window. An unlikely figure (an old, alcoholic, failed artist who rarely has a nice word for anyone) helps to save her. However, his act of kindness comes at a very high cost. Themes include friendship, defeatism vs. hope, compassion, sacrifice, art. More…
All Over the World
This story by Vicente Rivera Jr. is set in Intramuros, the walled city within Manilla, shortly before the Japanese invasion of World War 2. It deals with an often-overlooked aspect of forced evacuation during war: the severing of personal relationships as families flee a conflict. A budding friendship between a protective young man and lonely eleven-year-old girl is put on hold as they go their separate ways. The friendship is clearly important to both, and their parting is especially bitter as neither has a chance to say goodbye. Themes include loneliness, friendship, war, displacement, regret. More…
The Bridge on the Žepa
Although this story by Ivo Andrić describes the building of a famous Bosnian bridge, it is more about the two men responsible for its construction: a Grand Vizier who had recently emerged victorious from banishment and commissioned it as a tribute to his birthplace, and the meticulous master builder who completed it. Although the Grand Vizier was one of the most powerful men in the Ottoman Empire, the banishment experience had left him so insecure and isolated that he suffered delusions and decision-making paralysis. Themes include dedication, creative anxiety, political intrigue, isolation, fear, the transience of life and happiness. More…
The Catbird Seat
Set in 1940s New York, this story by James Thurber is a not-so-gentle satire of the lengths to which desperate people will go to resist change. A meek, solitary man believes the brash efficiency expert brought in to streamline his employer’s workflows threatens his job and must be “rubbed out”. He plans what he considers an almost perfect murder, only to be thwarted at the last moment by lack of a weapon. Fortunately, in a moment of inspiration, he turns the tables and puts himself in the “Catbird Seat”. Themes: workplace gender stereotypes, alienation, change, insecurity, desperation, revenge. More…
The Ultimate Safari
Set during the Mozambican Civil War, this story from Nadine Gordimer follows a family as they undertake an arduous journey to a South African refugee camp through Kruger Park. The story is told through the eyes of a nine year-old girl who understands little about the war other than that her father is away fighting for the government. Following her mother’s disappearance while buying cooking oil, the rest of her family join a group of other displaced villagers for the dangerous 40-mile (65 km) trek through the park. Themes include family, war, loss, lawlessness, displacement, fear, endurance, hope. More…
Snow
Although this Alice Adams story has little action, a lot is achieved. A middle-aged man initially questions his decision to create a “diversion” for his first meeting with his daughter’s lesbian lover in the form of a weekend skiing trip with his girlfriend. Talking in their isolated cabin that night, the three women reveal things about themselves that not only bring the man closer to his daughter and girlfriend, but also help him understand his initial feelings (jealousy) toward his daughter’s partner. Themes include fatherhood, sexuality, deception, sexual assault, teenage pregnancy, jealousy, love. More…
The Garden of Forking Paths
The themes of this story from Jorge Borges are order vs. disorder, time, and sacrifice. An ancient Chinese scholar gave up everything to write a book and create a labyrinth. No one could understand the book or find the labyrinth until a modern day sinologist solved the mystery. The book is the labyrinth; it argues that time is not linear, but a starting point for an infinite number of paths. A descendant of the scholar murders the sinologist. This has nothing to do with the book, but rather a cause he doesn’t believe in. More…
How I Contemplated the World from the Detroit House of Correction and Began My Life Over Again
The experimental style of this Joyce Carol Oates story takes a little getting used to. In the form of a disorganized set of notes for an English writing assignment, a sixteen-year-old girl reviews the events that landed her in government care. Starved of affection by her wealthy parents, her acts of rebellion escalate from shoplifting to running away from home and falling under the spell of a prostitute and her Svengali-like, drug-addicted pimp. Sadly, the House of Correction isn’t the sanctuary she thought it would be. Themes parental neglect, rebellion, human trafficking, drug use, class and racial conflict. More…
Killings
At a simplistic level this provocative story by Andre Dubus suggests that, given the right circumstances, almost anyone could become a cold-blooded killer. On one hand we have Strout (aggressive, violent and possibly psychologically disturbed); on the other, Matt (a peaceful, model citizen). Matt’s wife suffers untold emotional pain as she regularly encounters Strout (their son’s murderer) while he walks around town on bail. Rather than wait for the trial, Matt and his redneck friend Willis make elaborate plans for a killing of their own. Themes: love/marriage, murder, grief, justice, revenge, morality. More…
A Father-To-Be
In this playful story by Saul Bellow, a successful scientist in an illuminated state of mind makes his way to have dinner with his fiancée. As he contemplates fellow passengers on the subway, he is shocked to notice the resemblance between his future wife and the “flat-looking dandy of respectability” sitting next to him. He begins to wonder what her children will look like, and is so disturbed by the thought he decides to end the relationship. Fortunately, her soothing hands erase the memory. Themes include “duty”, financial stress, pride, self-discovery, appearance, heredity, self-delusion, submissiveness. More…
Separating
Marriage break-ups, especially where children are involved, can be stressful for all concerned. John Updike’s Separating is written from a self-absorbed husband/father’s point of view. Ironically, despite Richard’s inferred infidelity, Updike reverses traditional gender roles by painting him as the weepy, emotional victim and his wife Joan as the heartless, unforgiving partner pushing for separation. The children demonstrate varying levels of understanding and acceptance. Older son Dickie’s “romantic” kiss highlights the confusion among them, and Richard’s shallowness finally shows through in his inability to answer Dickie’s obvious question. Themes: family, marriage, separation, anguish, guilt, confusion, regret. More…
The Zulu and the Zeide
In this touching story by Dan Jacobson, a South African businessman is resentful towards his senile Jewish father for the embarrassment he causes and his many failings in life. As a cruel joke, he employs a “raw” Zulu from the countryside to keep his father out of trouble. Despite the language barriers, the Zulu does such a good job that a camaraderie develops between them and the old man begins to depend upon him. The infuriated son responds by humiliating the Zulu. Themes include aging and dependency, family, duty, humanity and compassion, jealousy, social class, racism, guilt. More…
The Landlady
The theme of this Roald Dahl story is the commonly adopted things aren’t always as they seem. What sets it apart is the way Dahl gradually builds tension, starting with his descriptions of the weather and outdoor setting, then moving on to the supernatural before young Billy even meets the “motherly” landlady. (Each word was like a large black eye staring at him through the glass, holding him …) From then on, almost every step involves dramatic irony. The reader can see that something is wrong, which softens the impact of the horror ending, but naïve Billy remains frustratingly oblivious. More…
Stone Mattress
From the opening line of this Margaret Atwood story (At the outset Verna had not intended to kill anyone), we know someone will die. An woman who has become wealthy by helping four elderly husbands depart not only happy but grateful, if a little sooner than might have been expected, treats herself to an arctic cruise. Everything changes at the pre-cruise meet-and-greet, when she recognizes a man who had brutally raped her fifty years earlier. He doesn’t recognize her, and she begins to plot the perfect murder. Themes include rape, self-righteousness, resilience, seduction and manipulation, anger, violence, revenge, aging. More…
The House Opposite
In this story by R. K. Narayan, an Indian “hermit” is both offended and titillated by the activities of a prostitute living opposite. His initial reaction is to label her a “monstrous” devil. However, imagining what she does night after night excites him to the point of obsession. There is a double irony here. The hermit, who has supposedly given up all pleasures, is consumed by desire. The prostitute, who regards him as a saint, respectfully seeks his blessing. It is not until this request that the hermit recognizes the woman’s humanity. Themes include spirituality, desire, self-righteousness, judging others, humanity. More…
Bliss
In this story from Katherine Mansfield, a thirty-year-old wife and mother who marvels at her joyful, upper middle-class life learns the meaning of the proverb ignorance is bliss. Throughout the story, which takes place over a single day, she seeks to identify the source of her happiness. Over dinner with some artistic friends, there is an indication that it may be linked to a new friendship with a female guest. Strangely, this results in her first ever strong sexual desire for her husband. Alas, her lust and bliss are soon shattered. Themes: happiness, modernity, sexuality and desire, deception, adultery. More…
‘If I Forget Thee, Oh Earth…’
This coming of age story by Arthur C. Clarke carries a familiar theme for 1950s/1960s science fiction: the prospect of Earth being rendered uninhabitable due to nuclear conflict, and humankind existing only in isolated settlements throughout space. Here, a man takes his ten-year-old son on his first trip outside the protective dome of a moon colony. The boy’s wonder at seeing stars for the first time soon fades as he observes the glowing, radiated Earth and realizes that his generation will never be able to return. Other themes include isolation, survival, self-sufficiency, misused technology, legacy, hope. More…
There is a Reaper
The English idiom ‘Grim Reaper’ refers to either death itself, or the Angel of Death who comes to collect a soul when someone dies. This story by Charles de Vet begins with the following words: Doctors had given him just one month to live. A month to wonder, what comes afterward? There was one way to find out – ask a dead man! The question had to be asked within a few minutes of death, so he decided the only thing to do was murder someone. The murdered man’s frightening answer was not what he had expected. More…
The Sea Beyond
This story by N. V. M. Gonzalez describes a journey on a Philippine passenger-cargo ship from a small port to its provincial capital. In addition to paying passengers, the ship is transporting a young cargardor (stevedore) who was critically injured during the loading of cargo to the capital for medical treatment. Tending him are his pregnant wife and her mother. Despite a supposed telegraph request for a doctor meet the ship on arrival, as the ship departs the capital they are left stranded on the dock with no sign of help. Themes include suffering, inhumanity, social class, superstition. More…
The Distant Past
In this story by William Trevor, Irish villagers ridicule an elderly brother and sister for living in the past by clinging to their family’s long-held British allegiance. Almost forty years have passed since the Anglo-Irish War. The rest of the community, who are predominantly Republican, have moved on. That is until “The Troubles” of the late 1960s, when the other villagers’ hatred and mistrust of the British resurfaces. The once well-liked siblings find themselves ostracized, proving that the past is never far away. Themes: family loyalty and pride, isolation, tolerance, friendship, religious/political conflict, alienation, the interrelationship between past and present. More…
The Man of the Crowd
This story by Edgar Allan Poe opens with a man in high spirits after recovering from an illness sitting in a London coffee shop watching people go by in the street. He is absorbed in classifying them by occupation and social class until a “decrepid old man” with a fiendish expression unlike any he has seen before commands his attention. Curious, he follows the old man for twenty-four hours, learning nothing other than that he seems to want always to be part of a crowd. Themes include social class, obsession, curiosity, hidden secrets, urban alienation and loneliness. More…
That Evening Sun (Go Down)
In this story by William Faulkner, a man recalls his parents’ callous indifference to the fate of an African-American woman who had washed the family’s clothes for many years. The woman makes extra money by allowing white men to “visit” her at home, and thinks her violent husband is planning to kill her for carrying a white man’s child. One night, she panics and tricks the family’s three children into staying with her. When their father takes them home, we are left wondering if she will survive the night. Themes: coming of age, racism, sexual exploitation, violence, fear, inhumanity. More…
One Thousand Dollars
The twist ending in this O. Henry story has most readers believing that, after receiving an inheritance of $1,000 from an uncle and canvassing various options, the protagonist sees the error of his spendthrift ways. He then tells his uncle’s ward, who he loves and was left very little, that the money was left to her. And later, despite his profession of love being rejected, he contrives for her to receive an additional $50,000 to which he becomes entitled. Is this a story of selfless sacrifice, or could there be a further twist? Themes include change, deception, selflessness, generosity, love. More…
City of Specters
In 2013, North Korean writer Bandi reputedly smuggled seven stories, including this one, out of the country. Although unverified, the stories provide a valuable insight into the fear and repressed lives of North Korean citizens. In this one, ‘unpatriotic behavior’ by a two-year-old child results in banishment of a senior bureaucrat and his family to the countryside. Earlier, the child had suffered a fit in its mother’s arms. In most countries, she would call for a doctor. Here, we are told that had a doctor happened to be at hand, the incident might well have ended in disaster. More…
Zero Hour
This chilling story by Ray Bradbury involves an inattentive mother, a feisty seven-year-old girl, and her imaginary friend Drill. Throughout most of the story, the girl leads her friends in a construction game following instructions she receives from Drill. Her mother later learns that groups of similar-aged children across America are playing the same game. Its name is “Invasion”, and for her the climax comes in a single word: Peekaboo. The major theme of the story is complacency. The mother senses something is wrong, but doesn’t act until too late. Other themes: human smugness (We’re impregnable!), child innocence/impressionability, manipulation/reward, violence. More…
Here’s Your Hat What’s Your Hurry
In this story by Elizabeth McCracken, a homeless woman with no family has spent her life traveling the countryside and staying at the homes of people she says are distant relatives. Now in her eighties, she visits a young couple claiming to be the niece of the man’s great-grandfather. While there, she forms an unlikely attachment to a neglected, undisciplined young boy living nearby. When the truth comes out and it is time for her to leave, she considers taking the boy with her. Themes include homelessness, deception, family, loss, connection. More…
The Totara Tree
This light-hearted story from Roderick Finlayson is set in 1930’s New Zealand. A small Maori community is in conflict with the Pakeha (white European) authorities who plan to cut down a sacred tree to build new power lines. An old woman climbs the tree and refuses to come down. After an initial confrontation, the authorities depart for the night. This leads to a drunken celebration, which causes a house-fire that threatens the tree. When rescuers discover that the old woman in the tree has died, one of them comes up with a foolproof plan to save the tree. More…
A Night in the Hills
This story from Paz Marquez Benitez deals with something many people caught up in a routine job or coming to a crossroads in life go through: dreaming of escape to an alternative, seemingly more appealing lifestyle. City-based Gerardo has always dreamed of living in the countryside. Recently widowed, he accompanies a friend to inspect some newly opened public land. After a single night in the jungle, he decides that life “in the hills” is not as appealing as he had imagined. Themes: imagination (the grass is always greener), city vs. country life, discontent, enlightenment, acceptance. More…
The Decapitated Chicken
In this story by Horacio Quiroga a loving couple has four sons, each of whom soon degenerates into idiocy. The couple become bitter and resentful, each blaming the other for their sons’ congenital imbecility. When a daughter is born who does not share the condition, the parents ignore the boys, leaving them in the care of a servant who brutally mistreats them. One day the boys watch as the cook decapitates a chicken. Fascinated by the sight of blood, they later imitate the act with the only small ‘animal’ available. Themes include mental illness, despair, rejection and neglect, cruelty, violence. More…
The Distance to Andromeda
In this story by Gregorio C. Brillantes, a thirteen-year-old Philippine boy comes to terms with his place in the universe. After watching a science-fiction movie featuring post-apocalyptic survivors traversing the vastness of space searching for an Earth-like planet, the boy questions the significance of his existence. The answer comes to him after dinner that night, as he sits on the porch with his close-knit family. The size of the universe (The Distance to Andromeda) is irrelevant. He is important to his family, and his current place is with them. Themes include doubt, family, love, faith, security, father-son relationships. More…
Astronomer’s Wife
This story by Kay Boyle explores an empty relationship between a woman and her astronomer husband, and how a brief encounter with a “down to earth” plumber opens her mind to what could be. The astronomer appears more in love with his work than his wife, treating her purely as someone whose role it is to maintain the household order. The plumber, who treats her with respect, communicates freely, and symbolizes the physical world, highlights the dysfunctional nature of her marriage. Themes: control, gender roles, loneliness and lack of fulfilment in marriage, the intellectual vs. physical worlds, epiphany/revelation. More…
Young Goodman Brown
In this story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a pious young Puritan named Goodman Brown travels into the forest one night to prove that he can resist evil. There he meets a man implied to be the devil, who demonstrates that most of his townspeople, including his wife Faith, embrace witchcraft. Thanks to Brown’s belief in his moral superiority, he accepts everything he sees without question. He fails to appreciate that the visions may have been a dream, contrived by the devil as a way of deceiving him. Themes: temptation (good vs. evil), dreams vs. reality, deceit, paranoia, loss of faith, alienation. More…
The Piece of String
This Guy de Maupassant story involves a frugal farmer whose reputation is forever tarnished after a rival falsely accuses him of finding and failing to return a lost pocketbook. Sadly, he is the victim of a stereotype about “Norman craftiness”. No matter how much he protests that he picked up a piece of string, and even in the face of another peasant coming forward with the pocketbook, nobody will believe him. This weighs so much on the proud man’s mind that he wastes away to an early death. Themes: false accusations, stereotyping, injustice, pride, obsession with image/reputation. More…
Snapshots of a Wedding
Set in the mid-1990s, this story by Bessie Head explores two aspects of a Botswanan wedding. The first is the rituals observed at the event and how, as a “modern wedding”, a lot of the traditional courtesies had been left out of the planning. The second is the circumstances leading up to the wedding, with the author seemingly inviting readers to judge whether the groom, who is rich in cattle and loved and respected by all who knew him, made the right choice for a bride. Themes: tradition vs. modernity, marriage, education, hubris vs. humility, money and status vs. love. More…