In this story by Milan Kundera, an “almost old” widow faces a dilemma after a chance encounter with a much younger man she had seduced fifteen years earlier. Talking about their previous (for the man, awkward) lovemaking arouses his passions. She knows that giving in to his desire will almost certainly end in disgust over her aging body. However, she also knows that he is very likely the last young man who appeals to her with whom she will have the opportunity to have sex. Themes include sexuality, memories, aging and death, beauty, loneliness, regret, fulfilment/self-worth. More…
The Dead
The major themes in this James Joyce masterpiece are failure to change (paralysis) and, of course, death and “the dead”. Other themes include Irish Nationalism, cultural identity, tradition, privilege, pride, and self-discovery. Gabriel, a condescending Irish intellectual, has rejected his country’s entrenched “backward” culture and embraced cosmopolitan British ways. His wife’s reaction to a little-known Irish folk-song sung by her long-dead first love brings about an epiphany. Gabriel suddenly realizes the need to take more positive steps in his own life, and how the lives of the dead can have a major influence on the living. More…
The Young Man Who Flew Past
Writers must have a disproportionate fascination with heights, because there are a number of well-known stories in world literature about people falling, jumping or being pushed/thrown from tall buildings. Published in 1915, this short satire of middle-class society by Arkady Averchenko may be one of the first. A husband throws his wife’s lover from the sixth floor window of their apartment building. Through the windows on the way down, the falling man sees different ways his life could have gone. As he reaches the bottom, he is happy with his gruesome fate. Theme: men’s ‘destiny’ (ambition, marriage, family, adultery, depression, death). More…
King of the Bingo Game
This Ralph Ellison story opens with a poverty-stricken African-American man sitting in a theater waiting for the end-of-movie bingo game. He needs a win. His partner Laura is dying, and he has no money for medical treatment. The game begins and his numbers come up. When called onto the stage to spin a wheel of fortune to claim the prize, the hungry, alcohol affected man becomes delusional and creates a scene. Police intervene and, although the wheel stops on the jackpot number, he wins the game but not the money. Themes: identity (paranoia, alienation, desperation), prejudice, illusion, self-determination vs. fate. More…
Why I Live at the P.O.
The major themes in Eudora Welty’s comical account of a family squabble are jealousy and sibling rivalry. When a prodigal daughter returns with a two-year-old child in tow the petulant narrator, who has remained at home, is far from welcoming. The story is a dramatic monologue told five days after the events. We only see one very biased side of what happened and, as the narrator is trying to justify her move to the “P.O.”, it is almost impossible to form an opinion as to the accuracy of her account. Other themes: family, isolation, denial, acceptance, pride, independence. More…