Lu Xun‘s diarist suffers from paranoia, stemming from strange looks he thinks he is getting from fellow villagers. On learning of an act of ritual cannibalism in a neighboring village, he concludes that those around him, including his own brother, are planning to make a meal of him. The story has several interpretations. The most common is that it satirizes the outdated Confucian traditions of Chinese feudal society. An opposing view is that it cautions the May Fourth period’s New Culture Movement against indiscriminately overturning (eating) all past traditions. Themes: madness, cannibalism, tradition, betrayal. More…
The Tale
In this story by Joseph Conrad, a man tells his lover a tale about an English naval captain (who she later deduces to be him) racked with guilt over a decision made at sea. While sheltering from fog, he encountered a trading ship which he became increasingly suspicious of being a privateer supplying fuel to enemy U-boats. However, the ship’s papers were in order. With no legal basis for seizing the ship, he found a way to send it and all on board to their doom without firing a shot. Themes include duty vs. morality in war, guilt. More…
The Chrysanthemums
In this seemingly straightforward story by John Steinbeck, chrysanthemum-growing Elisa’s character can be interpreted in several, often contradictory, ways. Is she “strong and happy” as her husband says, or weak and disillusioned with her life? Does she crave companionship, intimacy and perhaps a child, or freedom? Is her fascination with chrysanthemums because of a special connection with nature, or because they represent the only joy in her life? Whatever the answers, after a smooth-talking tinker raises her self-esteem and then shatters it, Elisa’s tears signify her realization that nothing will change. Themes: isolation, loneliness, aesthetics, lack of fulfillment, betrayal. More…
The Stolen Party
In this heartbreaking story by Liliana Heker, a nine-year-old girl learns the hard way about social class. Her mother is a maid, and every day after school she does homework with Luciana, the daughter of her employer, while her mother finishes work. The girls become friends, but her mother is uneasy when she is invited to Luciana’s birthday party. Contrary to her mother’s concerns, the girl is the star of the party and feels on top of the world … until the party favors are handed out. Themes include social class, friendship, childhood innocence, manipulation, shame. More…
The Drowned Giant
In this story by J. G. Ballard, the body of a giant man is dehumanized because of its otherworldly size. Left to rot on a beach, it first becomes a tourist attraction and later a source of exploitation as various body parts are taken for commercial purposes or as souvenirs. The narrator, who is clearly disturbed by the disrespectful way the body is treated, perceives it as having a transcendent, Homeric quality. This begs a fascinating question: What does it take to be considered human? Themes include humanity, identity, mortality, curiosity, fear (of a potentially superior race), fame, exploitation. More…