In this story by M. R. James, a colleague asks a young university professor to scope out some monastic ruins for a possible archaeological dig while away on a golfing holiday. As he investigates the area near what would have been the altar, he finds an artificial cavity in the masonry that contains an ancient bronze whistle with strange inscriptions. He was originally unhappy that the only available room in his hotel had two beds but this proves fortunate, providing the terrifying personage he “whistles up” a place to spend the night. Themes include fear, agnosticism, the supernatural. More…
A Clean Well-Lighted Place
This story by Ernest Hemingway takes place in a cafe. Two waiters (one young, the other middle-aged) talk about an old man sitting alone at one of the tables. A line from each waiter exemplifies three major themes. From the young waiter: I wouldn’t want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing. (attitudes towards the aged). From the older waiter: It [life] was all a nothing and a man was a nothing too. (emptiness and despair). Other themes include aging and death, gender stereotyping, and the fact that money doesn’t buy happiness. More…
The Homemaker / Gharwali
In this story by Ismat Chughtai, an orphan growing up on the streets learns that her body is her only asset. Alluring and without shame, she is known for providing sex for money, on credit, or as charity. Things change when a friend suggests that a respectable shopkeeper employ her as a housemaid. He refuses because of her reputation, but she is so taken by what she sees after visiting his house that she stays despite his protests and takes over the household. Themes include promiscuity, reputation, hypocrisy, desire, marriage, patriarchy, jealousy, the importance of “belonging”. More…
The Parsley Garden
In this coming-of-age story by William Saroya, an eleven-year-old boy redeems himself after being caught stealing a hammer from a department store. Rather than calling the police, the store manager makes him sweat for a while and lets him off with a warning. The boy spends the rest of the day plotting how to get the hammer and respond to what he considers humiliating treatment. The confusion in his mind is contrasted with the peace and tranquillity of his mother’s “parsley garden”, where everything is free for the taking. Themes include temptation, choices and consequences, shame/humiliation, anger, redemption, self-image. More…
The Invention of Morel
This story by Adolfo Bioy Casares is in the form a diary by a Venezuelan fugitive who, after a hundred days hiding on a deserted Pacific island, is disturbed by what appear to be a group of tourists. He watches them for several days and becomes infatuated with a “gypsy-like” woman in the group. When he approaches her, she (and later the other tourists) act as if he doesn’t exist. In reality, it is she (and they) who don’t exist and his dying wish is to join them. Themes include isolation, love, obsession, metaphysics (illusion vs. reality), scientific hubris, immortality. More…